Chapter 2 Key Concepts

Origins of the Internet: (The physical network)
-1960s: Created by the US Department of Defence in order to keep their information secure and safe
-1972: email was created
-1974: Dr.Serf created TCP/IP (the language used to send data back & forth)
-1979: Usenet (groups or forums)
-1980s: NSF (National Science Foundation) Funded by US gov't to give the public access to all parts of the government
-1995: Internet was privatized and number of hosts increased dramatically

History of the Web: (How we use the Internet to pulish and view information)
-1945: Memex - Vannevar Busch. Designed a machine that would store data
-1960: Ted Nelson - Hypertext
-1987: Ted Nelson - Xanadu
-1989: Tim Berners-Lee: The Father of the World Wide Web. Created a hypertext system
-1993: Mosaic; the first web browser. Leading to FireFox, Internet Explorer, etc.
-2004: Web 2.0 (the production of content on the internet)

Web 1.0: storing info on the web, can access and read. passive consumption of content
Web 2.0: producing content (i.e. Facebook) on the web


Web Languages:
1. SGML:Standard Generalized Markup Language
-HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
-DHTML:
-XML: eXtensible Markup Language
-XHTML: eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language
2. CSS: design, stylesheets
3. Scripting and Programming: Javascript(client side/server side) PHP (databases etc.) Perl, VBScript, Python
4. Tutorials

Web Software:
Web servers: i.e. Apache, IIS, HFS, Server 2 Go, etc.
-[any computer connected to the internet can be a web server]
Web clients: i.e. Opera, Flock, Mozilla, Internet Explorer, etc.

Future of the Internet:
Internet 2 (huge increase in Bandwidth) [only universities are connected at this time]
Semantic Web (click on anything to get background info on it - not just hyperlinks)

Network Technologies:
Hardware: Routers (connects two different networks and has built-in intelligence), Hubs (gives extra connection points for computers or devices), Switches (a larger Hub), Gateways, Access Point, & Modems (POTS, Cable, DSL).
Protocols:
-Internet (TCP/IP[127.0.0.1 is the local IP address "localhost". 192.168.1.x is the address of the internal network]/TelNet/VOIP). Domain names (ie: .com, .de, or .ca) www.whatismyip.com
-Ports allow people to get through your firewall :80
-Mail (SMTP/POP3/IMAP/WebMail [gmail/hotmail/etc.])
-Newsgroups (NNTP)
-Files (FTP/SFTP), Web (HTTP/HTTPS)[S=secure website].
"Rules and guidelines for transfering info over the Internet"

Network Connectivity:

-Public

-Private

-Brandwidth: telephone(POTS), broadband(Cable/DSL), leased-line (TI/T3), wireless
-Wireless: bluetooth, wi-fi